Paper 1 - newspapers (targeted)





may be asked to compare to an unseen text. Alongside the analysis of audience and industries, you will need to apply issues and theories.



blumler and katz - uses and gratifications theory - why are people reading a newspaper

audiences use the media to gratify specific needs they have. more likely to buy product again if it gratifies them. these needs are escapism, surveillance, personal identification and social interaction.

escapism- escape mundane and repetitve elements of their life by experiencing things outside their normal life. include humour, excitement, fear, romance

surveillance- audiences need to know the world round them

personal identification - audiences explore and develop their identities via observing others that are similar and seeing how they respond to situations.

social interaction - audiences need interaction with other people and to develop binds with other people. social media, ie twitter allows people to talk to others.






Gerbner - cultivation theory - exposure to media over time changes people's perception of reality



audience reception
the perceived way that the message is sent
the message is encoded into the medium
the message is decoded from the medium

hall - encoding theory -
messages are not just sent directly from the sender (producer) to the receiver(audience) but are encoded into a medium (media text) and then decoded by the audience; the message is not sent directly but the audience interpretation as well as the method of encoding can affect the meaning of the message

propaganda - extreme, change your beliefs


audience reception

dominant reading
oppositional reading understands intended meaning but reject it
negotiated reading understand intended meaning - somewhere between intended and oppostional
preferred reading
aberrant readings  - audience has a separate and unexpected reading that goes against what the publisher intended


How does the front cover present the ideological values of the Daily Mail?
right wing - against Jezza Corbyn -  'Corbyn's rivers of blood moment'




newspapers - industries











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